Hi Guys. The Vf output has three different types of Vf output. OXYGEN SENSOR FEEDBACK MODE DIAGNOSTIC MODE LEARNED VALUE MODE see below for details _____________ #1 Oxygen Sensor Feedback Mode. T and E1 Connected Idle contact point off Engine at 2500 rpm Result of 0x sensor signal processing 5v.......Rich or 0v........Lean 0v...........Open loop condition _______________ #2 Diagnostic Mode T and E1 connected Idle contact point On Engine off Results of Diagnosis 5v........Normal 0v........Trouble code stored ________________ #3 Learned Value Mode T and E1 not connected Any Speed Result of Air-Fuel ratio voltage feedback 0v...........Rich 1.25v.........Normal 2.5v...............Normal 3.75v.........Normal 5v...... ...Lean Learned Value is It is a fuel injection correction coefficient which tailors the standard fuel injection duration to minor differences between engines due to manufacturing tolerances, wear, and minor mixtures disturbances like small vacuum leaks. This coefficient is capable of altering the calculated injection {before Ox correction} by as much as 20% to prevent Ox sensor correction from being excessive. If you encounter a driveability problem that sets no codes, this Vf voltage feedback can be of some help. Especially code 25/26. {engine condition rich or lean} Note: Discard Vf reading when engine is cold. The Vf learned value tells you how hard the ECU is working to keep the engine running properly. After loss of power to ECM, it will take a certain amount of time to relearn, depending on the engine model and vehicle driving conditions. The ECM will learn faster if the input signals are stable At high altitude operation, Vf can be 0v but it is considered to be normal {lack of oxygen} Vf voltage reading may be different, depending on accuracy of voltmeter, and connections. However, the number of steps 5 are still the same. {e.g. 1.10v instead of 1.25, 2.2v instead of 2.5v, 3.5v instead of 3.75v} Vf voltage can be "border line" also, flipping back and forth between 2 ranges. _______________ Learned value mode fuel trim conditions 0v 1.25v 2.5v 3.75v 5v Rich Normal Normal Normal Lean Ecu Ecu +/- Ecu Ecu decreases decreases 3% Increase Increase fuel by fuel by fuel by fuel by 11%-20% 4%-10% 4%-10% 11%-20% I hope this will help with questions with the Vf output signal Reg